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Omar Khayyám; born (; (ペルシア語:غیاثالدین ابوالفتح عمر ابراهیم خیام نیشابورﻯ), ; 18 May 1048 – 4 December 1131), was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, and poet, who is widely considered to be one of the most influential scientists of the middle ages. He wrote numerous treatises on mechanics, geography, mineralogy and astronomy. Born in Nishapur, in northeastern Iran, also known as Persia, at a young age he moved to Samarkand and obtained his education there. Afterwards he moved to Bukhara and became established as one of the major mathematicians and astronomers of the Islamic Golden Age. He is the author of one of the most important treatises on algebra written before modern times, the ''Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra'' (1070), which includes a geometric method for solving cubic equations by intersecting a hyperbola with a circle.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】url = http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Khayyam.html ) 〕 He contributed to a calendar reform. His significance as a philosopher and teacher, and his few remaining philosophical works, have not received the same attention as his scientific and poetic writings. Al-Zamakhshari referred to him as “the philosopher of the world”. He taught the philosophy of Avicenna for decades in Nishapur, where Khayyám was born and buried. His mausoleum there remains a masterpiece of Iranian architecture visited by many people every year.〔S. H. Nasr, 2006, Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present, Chapter 9., pp. 165-183〕 Outside Iran and Persian-speaking countries, Khayyám has had an impact on literature and societies through the translation of his works and popularization by other scholars. The greatest such impact was in English-speaking countries; the English scholar Thomas Hyde (1636–1703) was the first non-Persian to study him. The most influential of all was Edward FitzGerald (1809–83),〔Jos Biegstraaten〕 who made Khayyám the most famous poet of the East in the West through his celebrated translation and adaptations of Khayyám's rather small number of quatrains ((ペルシア語:رباعیات) ''rubāʿiyāt'') in the ''Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam''. Omar Khayyám died in 1131 and is buried in the Khayyám Garden in Nishapur. The reconstruction of the tombs of Persian icons like Hafez, Saadi, Attar, Pour Sina and others were built by Reza Shah and in 1963, the Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám was reconstructed on the site by Hooshang Seyhoun. ==Name== غیاث الدین Ghiyāth ad-Din - means "the Shoulder of the Faith" and implies the knowledge of the Quran. ابوالفتح عمر بن ابراهیم Abu Fat'h 'Umar bin Ibrahim - Abu means father, Fat'h means conqueror, 'Umar means life, bin means son of, Ibrahim is the paternal name. خیام Khayyām - means "tent maker" it is a byname derived from the father's craft. نیشابورﻯ Nīshāpūrī - is the link to his hometown of Nishapur. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Omar Khayyam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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